This section contains step-by-step tutorials to successfully develop microservices which employ the Cumulocity IoT APIs and other third-party services. The source code of the examples can be found in our GitHub repository.
On the Cumulocity IoT platform, microservice hosting is built on top of Docker containers. This makes it technology-agnostic and allows developers to create applications in any technology stack.
In this tutorial, you will learn how to create and run a microservice written in Python:
Create an account on cumulocity.com, for example by using a free trial. At this step you will be provided with a dedicated URL that you can also use to test your microservice below.
Make sure that you have a recent version of Docker installed. You can, for example, install Docker Desktop for your operating system.
Cumulocity IoT hosts linux/amd64 Docker containers. If you run, for example, a recent Mac with Apple silicon, you need to configure Docker to build linux/amd64 containers:
$ export DOCKER_DEFAULT_PLATFORM=linux/amd64
This example uses Python 3 with the Flask web framework and the Waitress HTTP server. Start by creating the application.py script with the following content:
#!flask/bin/python
from flask import Flask, jsonify
import os
app = Flask(__name__)
# Hello world endpoint
@app.route('/')
def hello():
return 'Hello world!'
# Verify the status of the microservice
@app.route('/health')
def health():
return '{ "status" : "UP" }'
# Get environment details
@app.route('/environment')
def environment():
environment_data = {
'platformUrl': os.getenv('C8Y_BASEURL'),
'mqttPlatformUrl': os.getenv('C8Y_BASEURL_MQTT'),
'tenant': os.getenv('C8Y_BOOTSTRAP_TENANT'),
'user': os.getenv('C8Y_BOOTSTRAP_USER'),
'password': os.getenv('C8Y_BOOTSTRAP_PASSWORD'),
'microserviceIsolation': os.getenv('C8Y_MICROSERVICE_ISOLATION')
}
return jsonify(environment_data)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
from waitress import serve
serve(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=80)
The application exposes three endpoints:
It runs the HTTP server on port 80. This is required for all microservices.
Logging is set to “INFO” level to show some logging information in the Administration application. You can remove the log level setting to get only warnings logged.
To build a runnable Docker image containing your application, create a so-called Dockerfile in the same directory as your application.py script and add the following content:
FROM python:alpine
COPY application.py /
RUN pip install flask waitress
ENTRYPOINT ["python"]
CMD ["-u", "application.py"]
The Dockerfile:
Besides the Docker image, Cumulocity IoT requires some additional information to correctly run the Docker image. This is provided in the application manifest. Create a file cumulocity.json in the same folder as your other files and add the following content:
{
"apiVersion": "2",
"version": "1.0.0",
"provider": {
"name": "Cumulocity"
},
"isolation": "MULTI_TENANT",
"replicas": 2,
"livenessProbe": {
"httpGet": {
"path": "/health"
},
"initialDelaySeconds": 10
},
"readinessProbe": {
"httpGet": {
"path": "/health"
},
"initialDelaySeconds": 10
},
"requiredRoles": [ ],
"roles": [ ]
}
Your microservice:
Execute the following Docker commands to build the Docker image and save it as image.tar:
$ docker build -t hello-python-microservice .
$ docker save hello-python-microservice > "image.tar"
Then pack image.tar together with the manifest cumulocity.json into a ZIP file.
$ zip hello-microservice cumulocity.json image.tar
The resulting hello-microservice.zip file contains your microservice and it is ready to be uploaded to the Cumulocity IoT platform.
Uploading the hello-microservice.zip into the platform can be done via the UI. In the Administration application, navigate to Ecosystem > Microservices and click Add microservice. Drop the ZIP file of the microservice and then click Subscribe. For more details about uploading a microservice ZIP file, refer to Custom microservices.
After the microservice has been successfully uploaded and subscribed by your tenant, it runs in a Docker container. Verify this by checking the Status and Logs tabs of your microservice in the Administration application.
To try out your microservice, use a command-line tool such as curl. Your tenantID can be found under Platform info in the right drawer which shows up if you click on the user icon at the top right.
$ curl -u '<tenantID>/<username>:<password>' https://<URL>/service/hello/environment
{
"microserviceIsolation": "MULTI_TENANT",
"mqttPlatformUrl": "tcp://cumulocity:1881",
"password": "...",
"platformUrl": "https://cumulocity:8111",
"tenant": "mytenant",
"user": "servicebootstrap_hello-microservice"
}
Note that all requests to your microservice are automatically authenticated. Try running the curl command without the authentication.
$ curl -v https://<URL>/service/hello/environment
…
< HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
…
{"error":"general/internalError","message":"No auth information found","info":"https://cumulocity.com/guides/reference/rest-implementation"}
You can also build, upload and subscribe the application using the microservice utility tool. The tool requires a docker folder with the Dockerfile and your application files in it:
docker/Dockerfile
docker/application.py
cumulocity.json
The source code of this Hello world microservice can be found in our GitHub repository. Moreover, in our GitHub repository you can find a more comprehensive Python microservice application which uses the Cumulocity IoT REST API and exposes endpoints to verify if the microservice is up and running, create a device and random measurements for it, and to get the current application subscriptions for a particular tenant.
Cumulocity IoT provides an SDK for developing microservices using Java. Nevertheless, you are free to choose the tech-stack of your preference to develop a microservice as long as it fulfills the general requirements.
In this example you will learn how to create and deploy a Node.js-based microservice. The application exposes endpoints to verify if the microservice is up and running and get some of the environment variables.
It uses the Cumulocity IoT @c8y/client JavaScript library to subscribe to alarms. When a new alarm is created, a Slack channel gets notified.
PORT=80
SLACK_OAUTH_TOKEN=<YOUR-TOKEN-GOES-HERE>
SLACK_CHANNEL_ID=<YOUR-CHANNEL_ID-GOES-HERE>
Start by creating a folder node-microservice to contain your files. Inside your folder, use the following command to initialize your project:
$ npm init
It will walk you through creating a package.json file which allows to identify the project as well as handling its dependencies. When prompted, enter your project’s information and use app.js as entry point. Once the file has been created, install the dependencies using:
$ npm install --save @c8y/client @slack/web-api dotenv express
Eventually, your package.json file should look similar to:
{
"name": "node-microservice",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "Cumulocity IoT microservice application",
"main": "app.js",
"dependencies": {
"@c8y/client": "^1004.0.7",
"@slack/web-api": "^5.0.1",
"dotenv": "^8.0.0",
"express": "4.17.0"
},
"scripts": {
"start": "node app.js",
"test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
},
"author": "<your-name>",
"license": "MIT"
}
Now create a file app.js which is the main entry point of your application. It uses the Express framework to start a server listening on port 80, defines its endpoints and requires controllers to use the Cumulocity IoT and Slack APIs.
"use strict";
require("dotenv").config();
const express = require("express");
const app = express();
// Application endpoints
const routes = require("./routes");
routes(app);
// Server listening on port 80
app.use(express.json());
app.listen(process.env.PORT);
console.log(`${process.env.APPLICATION_NAME} started on port ${process.env.PORT}`);
// Cumulocity IoT and Slack controllers
require("./controllers");
As you may have already noticed, routes and controllers are required. Create a routes.js file with the following content:
"use strict";
module.exports = function(app) {
// Hello world
app.route("/").get(function(req, res) {
res.json({ "message" : "Hello world!" });
});
// Health check
app.route("/health").get(function(req, res) {
res.json({ "status" : "UP" });
});
// Environment variables
app.route("/environment").get(function(req, res) {
res.json({
"appName" : process.env.APPLICATION_NAME,
"platformUrl" : process.env.C8Y_BASEURL,
"microserviceIsolation" : process.env.C8Y_MICROSERVICE_ISOLATION,
"tenant" : process.env.C8Y_BOOTSTRAP_TENANT,
"bootstrapUser" : process.env.C8Y_BOOTSTRAP_USER,
"bootstrapPassword" : process.env.C8Y_BOOTSTRAP_PASSWORD
});
});
};
At this point, your microservice would be accessible via web on its endpoints to return a “Hello world” message, verify that the microservice is up and running and get some environment variables.
In order to implement the controllers, you must first create a Slack app and get a token to use the Web API. Go to Slack API: Applications to create a new app. Select your workspace and give your app a name, for example, C8Y Slack bot. Then get an OAuth access token.
Once you have your Slack app and token ready, create the controllers.js file with the following content:
"use strict";
/********************* Slack *********************/
// Create a new instance of the WebClient class with the OAuth access token
const { WebClient } = require("@slack/web-api");
const web = new WebClient(process.env.SLACK_OAUTH_TOKEN);
// Slack channel ID to know where to send messages to
const channelId = process.env.SLACK_CHANNEL_ID;
// Format a message and post it to the channel
async function postSlackMessage (adata) {
// Alarm severity
let color = {
"WARNING" : "#1c8ce3",
"MINOR" : "#ff801f",
"MAJOR" : "#e66400",
"CRITICAL": "#e0000e"
};
// Send a message from this app to the specified channel
let src = adata.source;
await web.chat.postMessage({
channel: channelId,
attachments : [{
"text": adata.text,
"fields": [
{
"title": "Source",
"value": `<${src.self}|${src.name ? src.name : src.id}>`,
"short": true
},
{
"title": "Alarm type",
"value": adata.type,
"short": true
}
],
"color": color[adata.severity]
}]
});
}
/********************* Cumulocity IoT *********************/
const { Client, FetchClient, BasicAuth } = require("@c8y/client");
const baseUrl = process.env.C8Y_BASEURL;
let cachedUsers = [];
// Get the subscribed users
async function getUsers () {
const {
C8Y_BOOTSTRAP_TENANT: tenant,
C8Y_BOOTSTRAP_USER: user,
C8Y_BOOTSTRAP_PASSWORD: password
} = process.env;
const client = new FetchClient(new BasicAuth({ tenant, user, password }), baseUrl);
const res = await client.fetch("/application/currentApplication/subscriptions");
return res.json();
}
// where the magic happens...
(async () => {
cachedUsers = (await getUsers()).users;
if (Array.isArray(cachedUsers) && cachedUsers.length) {
// List filter for unresolved alarms only
const filter = {
pageSize: 100,
withTotalPages: true,
resolved: false
};
try {
cachedUsers.forEach(async (user) => {
// Service user credentials
let auth = new BasicAuth({
user: user.name,
password: user.password,
tenant: user.tenant
});
// Platform authentication
let client = await new Client(auth, baseUrl);
// Get filtered alarms and post a message to Slack
let { data } = await client.alarm.list(filter);
data.forEach((alarm) => {
postSlackMessage(alarm);
});
// Real time subscription for active alarms
client.realtime.subscribe("/alarms/*", (alarm) => {
if (alarm.data.data.status === "ACTIVE") {
postSlackMessage(alarm.data.data);
}
});
});
console.log("listening to alarms...");
}
catch (err) {
console.error(err);
}
}
else {
console.log("[ERROR]: Not subscribed/authorized users found.");
}
})();
The code has two parts. The first one needs your Slack OAuth token and channel ID (chat group where the messages will be posted). A message is formatted using the colors of the different alarm severities that you may see in the Cockpit application. This message gets posted to the Slack channel.
The second part uses basic authentication to the Cumulocity IoT platform, it gets all active alarms and posts alarm messages to the Slack channel. After that, it subscribes to alarms and notifies the Slack channel each time a new alarm is created in the subscribed tenants.
Create a microservice manifest cumulocity.json with the following content:
{
"apiVersion": "2",
"version": "1.0.0-SNAPSHOT",
"provider": {
"name": "Cumulocity"
},
"isolation": "MULTI_TENANT",
"replicas": 2,
"requiredRoles": [
"ROLE_ALARM_READ",
"ROLE_ALARM_ADMIN"
],
"roles": [ ]
}
Finally, Docker needs to know how to build your microservice. Create a Dockerfile as follows:
FROM node:alpine
WORKDIR /usr/app
COPY ./package.json ./
RUN npm install
COPY ./ ./
CMD ["npm", "start"]
Once you have all the required files, building and deploying the microservice application is fairly simple. Execute the following Docker commands to build the Docker image and save it as image.tar:
$ docker build -t node-microservice .
$ docker save node-microservice > "image.tar"
Then pack image.tar together with the manifest cumulocity.json into a ZIP file.
$ zip node-microservice cumulocity.json image.tar
The resulting node-microservice.zip file contains your microservice and it is ready to be uploaded to the Cumulocity IoT platform. Uploading the node-microservice.zip into the platform can be done via the UI. In the Administration application, navigate to Ecosystem > Microservices and click Add microservice. Drop the ZIP file of the microservice and then click Subscribe.
For more details about uploading a microservice ZIP file, refer to Custom microservices.
After the microservice has been successfully uploaded and subscribed to your tenant, it will run in a Docker container. A request similar to:
GET <URL>/service/node-microservice/environment
HEADERS:
"Authorization": "<AUTHORIZATION>"
with proper credentials (user and password from any subscribed tenant), returns a response as:
{
"appName": "node-microservice",
"platformUrl": "http://cumulocity:8111",
"microserviceIsolation": "MULTI_TENANT",
"tenant": "t...",
"bootstrapUser": "...",
"bootstrapPassword": "..."
}
The authorization header is formed as “Basic <Base64(<tenantID>/<username>:<password>)>”. For instance, if your tenant ID, username and password are t0071234, testuser and secret123 respectively, you can get the Base64 string with the following command:
$ echo -n t0071234/testuser:secret123 | base64
dDAwNzEyMzQvdGVzdHVzZXI6c2VjcmV0MTIz
and your authorization header would look like "Authorization": "Basic dDAwNzEyMzQvdGVzdHVzZXI6c2VjcmV0MTIz".
If there are active alarms on your tenant, your Slack channel will get notified. You can also create a new alarm using the Cumulocity IoT REST API and validate that your microservice is listening to new alarms. Your Slack channel will also get notified.
The code of this node-microservice can be found in our public GitHub repositories.